https://aireal-materials.com Matairial Fri, 26 Mar 2021 09:08:07 +0000 https://aireal-materials.com en https://aireal-materials.com/index Tue, 23 Mar 2021 14:59:21 +0000 Matairial https://aireal-materials.com/index “Aireal is a growing material library showing materials that capture CO2 in their production process. The materials were developed in the spirit of the circular economy, where waste does not exist and carbon dioxide is seen as a resource for the creation of the products that we will use tomorrow.” https://aireal-materials.com/Elastic-Textile-Fiber-1 Fri, 26 Mar 2021 09:08:05 +0000 Matairial https://aireal-materials.com/Elastic-Textile-Fiber-1 <img width="2000" height="1500" width_o="2000" height_o="1500" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/2e550405a47f2752bc553b7d55a0390d4455af3655e19c672ef3d0ac1916420f/2021_03_24_Matairial_2287.jpg" data-mid="103359547" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/2e550405a47f2752bc553b7d55a0390d4455af3655e19c672ef3d0ac1916420f/2021_03_24_Matairial_2287.jpg" /><img width="1610" height="1089" width_o="1610" height_o="1089" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/a5aae4c4c982a021e34a4f4e3d96063260620d4758258d2e39167d4369dc19b8/Covestro_yarn.svg" data-mid="104977178" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/a5aae4c4c982a021e34a4f4e3d96063260620d4758258d2e39167d4369dc19b8/Covestro_yarn.svg" /> Elastic Textile Fiber Flue gases from the steel manufacturing industry contain a mixture of carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO), harmful gases for the environment but valuable components for chemical production of synthetic materials. Elastic textile filaments are a recently developed synthetic material in which 20% of the oil-based reactants are replaced by waste gas from the steel industry. Currently, the majority of elastic fibers rely on the extraction of crude oil and are extremely damaging to the environment. Nevertheless, elastic filaments are nowadays present in every stretchable fabric in commercial and technical textiles. In the quest to find more durable material compositions, Carbon4PUR is a pioneering research project, led by polymer developer Covestro, with 14 partners from 7 European countries. Their research has shown that the usage of crude oil, in the production of plastics, could partially be replaced by the use of CO2 and CO. Researchers within Carbon4PUR succeeded in making elastic textile filaments based on CO2 partly replacing fossil-based resources as raw material. The elastic yarn is made from a chemical component called Cardyon®, a polymer, in which captured CO2 is rigidly built-in as carbonate into the polymer chain. This thermoplastic yarn is woven using a 'melt-spinning technique that does not require environmentally damaging solvents, unlike most petroleum-based filaments today. While the basic material, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), has already been commercialized, the melt-spinning process is currently upscaled from technical to industrial scale. In other words, this textile technology is almost ready for the market. The new sustainable elastic yarns can be used for a vast variety of textiles such as clothing, medical textiles, or technical textiles. In the long run, they could replace conventional elastic fibers based on crude oil. This material was created within Carbon4PUR, a European consortium working to generate an economic application to CO/CO2 waste streams. The project received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme Covestro is a company that specialises in the production of new polymer materials. https://aireal-materials.com/Rigid-Foam-2 Fri, 26 Mar 2021 09:08:07 +0000 Matairial https://aireal-materials.com/Rigid-Foam-2 <img width="2000" height="1500" width_o="2000" height_o="1500" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/0476ec825448a3a3dc04ad51b82e45a28f751b107ad86a8be5056a0958a34e2f/2021_03_24_Matairial_2284.jpg" data-mid="103359343" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/0476ec825448a3a3dc04ad51b82e45a28f751b107ad86a8be5056a0958a34e2f/2021_03_24_Matairial_2284.jpg" /><img width="1610" height="1392" width_o="1610" height_o="1392" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/f20a95404e38ea547bd59e08610d4a06827793133f2c3c57a004a5af923f6981/Covestro_rigidfoam.svg" data-mid="104977144" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/f20a95404e38ea547bd59e08610d4a06827793133f2c3c57a004a5af923f6981/Covestro_rigidfoam.svg" /> Rigid Foam Flue gases from the steel manufacturing industry contain a mixture of carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO), harmful gases for the environment but valuable components for chemical production of synthetic materials. Rigid PUR foam blocks are a recently developed synthetic material in which 20% of the oil-based reactants are replaced by waste gas from the steel industry. Currently, the majority of foam products are reliant on the extraction of crude oil and extremely damaging to the environment. Nevertheless, foams take on a seemingly irreplaceable role in society. They are used to make many everyday products such as: air filters, insulation materials, furniture or even lightweight beams. In the quest to find more durable material compositions for plastic, Carbon4PUR is a pioneering research project, led by polymer developer Covestro, with 14 partners from 7 European countries. Their research has shown that the usage of crude oil, in the production of plastics, could partially be replaced by the use of CO2 and CO. This new rigid foam is the result of a long chain of sustainable transformations. The production process starts with capturing CO and CO2 from steel mills. The CO is burned to release its energy and transformed in CO2. The CO2 is then combined with Ethylene Oxide. Together, they undergo many chemical transformations to be given a new life as a foam material. The innovative technology allows a reduction of the environmental impact of steel and polyurethane production of 10% by substitution of up to 20% of the oil-based reactants. It also shows the potential of CO2 as a raw material to reduce the environmental cost of many non-recyclable products. This new foam can already be used instead of environmentally harmful foams in aerospace, construction and medical industries. This material was created within Carbon4PUR, a European consortium working to generate an economic application to CO/CO2 waste streams. The project received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme Covestro is a company that specialises in the production of new polymer materials. https://aireal-materials.com/Cardyon-Flexible-Foam-3 Fri, 26 Mar 2021 09:07:34 +0000 Matairial https://aireal-materials.com/Cardyon-Flexible-Foam-3 <img width="2000" height="1500" width_o="2000" height_o="1500" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/1c07846e0c42cb587279dad78a30c07b35ae26a14f8d97daca53257e440b2bb0/2021_03_24_Matairial_2276.jpg" data-mid="103359242" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/1c07846e0c42cb587279dad78a30c07b35ae26a14f8d97daca53257e440b2bb0/2021_03_24_Matairial_2276.jpg" /><img width="1610" height="1019" width_o="1610" height_o="1019" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/910a2bfefcb33b13134c93ab951fddd30dd9b0d7be4152962417f9520462edde/Covestro_cardyon.svg" data-mid="104977032" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/910a2bfefcb33b13134c93ab951fddd30dd9b0d7be4152962417f9520462edde/Covestro_cardyon.svg" /> Cardyon Flexible Foam Flue gases from the steel manufacturing industry contain a mixture of carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO), harmful gases for the environment but valuable components for chemical production of synthetic materials. Cardyon foam is a recently developed synthetic material in which 20% of the oil-based reactants are replaced by waste gas from the steel industry. Currently, the majority of foam products are reliant on the extraction of crude oil and extremely damaging to the environment. Nevertheless, foams take on a seemingly irreplaceable role in society. They are used to make many everyday products such as: air filters, insulation materials, furniture or even lightweight beams. In the quest to find more durable material compositions for plastic, Carbon4PUR is a pioneering research project, led by polymer developer Covestro, with 14 partners from 7 European countries. Their research has shown that the usage of crude oil, in the production of plastics, could partially be replaced by the use of CO2 and CO. One of the materials that was created in the initiative is Cardyon. A soft foam that is partially made from CO and CO2, captured from steel factories. It is made between the chemical reaction of CO2 with propylene oxide in the presence of a catalyst. The result is a soft foam that can be used instead of conventional foams made from crude oil. It possesses the same insulating and durable qualities. The innovative technology allows a reduction of the environmental impact of steel and polyurethane production of 10% by substitution of up to 20% of the oil-based reactants. This material was created within Carbon4PUR, a European consortium working to generate an economic application to CO/CO2 waste streams. The project received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme Covestro is a company that specialises in the production of new polymer materials. https://aireal-materials.com/Polyurethane-Coating-4-5 Mon, 22 Mar 2021 10:24:48 +0000 Matairial https://aireal-materials.com/Polyurethane-Coating-4-5 <img width="2000" height="1500" width_o="2000" height_o="1500" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/44dc2c74387f8bd8257999f95cb63416facc3ba6e7ce49a1fe1ee8f8e26703bb/2021_03_24_Matairial_2275.jpg" data-mid="104977009" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/44dc2c74387f8bd8257999f95cb63416facc3ba6e7ce49a1fe1ee8f8e26703bb/2021_03_24_Matairial_2275.jpg" /> <img width="2000" height="1500" width_o="2000" height_o="1500" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/1e1bc82151f603723b66a2d7449a75f9db622144fbf6bdcc470aaa2aa714eee6/2021_03_24_Matairial_2270.jpg" data-mid="103359196" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/1e1bc82151f603723b66a2d7449a75f9db622144fbf6bdcc470aaa2aa714eee6/2021_03_24_Matairial_2270.jpg" /> <img width="1610" height="1057" width_o="1610" height_o="1057" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/16ecb2821222717bb429a4408f5707f6b0055f12354732f579746210f4dc0e90/Covestro_coating.svg" data-mid="104976997" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/16ecb2821222717bb429a4408f5707f6b0055f12354732f579746210f4dc0e90/Covestro_coating.svg" /> Polyurethane coating Flue gases from the steel manufacturing industry contain a mixture of carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO), harmful gases for the environment but valuable components for chemical production of synthetic materials. Polyurethane coatings are a recently developed synthetic material in which 20% of the oil-based reactants are replaced by waste gas from the steel industry. Currently, the majority of polyurethane products are reliant on the extraction of crude oil and are extremely damaging to the environment. Nevertheless, polyurethane takes on a seemingly irreplaceable role in society. It is used to make many everyday products such as: shoe soles, mattresses, clothes, printing inks, adhesives and coatings for wood or metal. In the quest to find more durable material compositions for plastic, Carbon4PUR is a pioneering research project, led by polymer developer Covestro, with 14 partners from 7 European countries. Their research has shown that the usage of crude oil, in the production of plastics, could partially be replaced by the use of CO2 and CO. This new polyurethane is different from normal polyurethane products. It is based on undervalued CO waste streams that are captured directly from steel plants. This process reduces the amount of crude oils needed for the production with 20% compared to conventional coatings. Because toxic CO waste is captured directly from chemical plants, it does not escape into the atmosphere where it would contribute to the greenhouse effect. This product is a first steps toward fully renewable polyurethane coatings. This material was created within Carbon4PUR, a European consortium working to generate an economic application to CO/CO2 waste streams. The project received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme Covestro is a company that specialises in the production of new polymer materials. Megara Resins is a chemical company that focuses on creating alternatives to petroleum in polyurethane industries. They centre carbon-based solutions and low carbon footprint processes to create the same products that are currently entirely reliant on petroleum extract.&nbsp; https://aireal-materials.com/Olivine-6-7 Mon, 22 Mar 2021 10:25:36 +0000 Matairial https://aireal-materials.com/Olivine-6-7 <img width="2000" height="1500" width_o="2000" height_o="1500" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/b2071d57dcafa8e42672241daf9a49b4672afa1943940f5fc53e7500ef4e7f31/2021_03_24_Matairial_2316-rode-deksel-blanco-1-11.57..jpg" data-mid="103358978" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/b2071d57dcafa8e42672241daf9a49b4672afa1943940f5fc53e7500ef4e7f31/2021_03_24_Matairial_2316-rode-deksel-blanco-1-11.57..jpg" /> <img width="2000" height="1500" width_o="2000" height_o="1500" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/1d8303a9a1379dfc742bbdba272f8a234796b563f7457cac0dac595ca516d35a/2021_03_24_Matairial_2322-rode-deksel-GL10.jpg" data-mid="104972368" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/1d8303a9a1379dfc742bbdba272f8a234796b563f7457cac0dac595ca516d35a/2021_03_24_Matairial_2322-rode-deksel-GL10.jpg" /> <img width="3355" height="2161" width_o="3355" height_o="2161" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/59ad0d2b56eb3d8d8a5781a7a367c8f5ebfb32f93f22a718f3b5ce04a6f3be27/Olivine_gereral_tabel.png" data-mid="121686629" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/59ad0d2b56eb3d8d8a5781a7a367c8f5ebfb32f93f22a718f3b5ce04a6f3be27/Olivine_gereral_tabel.png" /> OlivineOlivine is one of the most promising natural materials in the field of carbon capture. Without any human intervention, olivine can absorb CO2 up to a third of its weight.&nbsp; This means that for every tonne of olivine, over 300 kilograms of CO2 are removed from the atmosphere. The carbon dioxide captured is locked in mineral form forever. Olivine is also cheap and abundant. This is because it is one of the most common rock-forming minerals found in the mantle of the Earth. It is present in basalt rocks all over the world. As an active mineral, its CO2 capturing properties have been known for a long time. Different prototypes are currently being developed to accelerate its natural CO2 sinking properties. CO2 Reacted olivine is the primary ingredient for novel materials such as concrete, paper or polymer. https://aireal-materials.com/Olivine-Concrete-8 Mon, 22 Mar 2021 10:25:34 +0000 Matairial https://aireal-materials.com/Olivine-Concrete-8 <img width="2000" height="1500" width_o="2000" height_o="1500" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/306c8528029b7f7bb440006f942b4e81ae5f01fea0fc76136af8ed8e9ffa44bd/2021_03_24_Matairial_2280.jpg" data-mid="103359148" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/306c8528029b7f7bb440006f942b4e81ae5f01fea0fc76136af8ed8e9ffa44bd/2021_03_24_Matairial_2280.jpg" /><img width="3355" height="1969" width_o="3355" height_o="1969" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/88b41ca37160c4ea36a7cff41561e0d9cae5282f18dbdd5239bb12fdc6375faa/olivine_concrete.png" data-mid="121686087" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/88b41ca37160c4ea36a7cff41561e0d9cae5282f18dbdd5239bb12fdc6375faa/olivine_concrete.png" /> Olivine concrete.This concrete is one of the first carbon negative concretes in the world. It draws on the natural CO2-sinking properties of the mineral olivine and captures 133kg of CO2 per tonne of concrete.&nbsp; After water, concrete is the most heavily used material on the planet. Its fabrication is also incredibly destructive, releasing large amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere at every step of the process. Currently, 800 kilograms of CO2 are released into the air for every tonne of concrete produced. Then, after a life cycle of about 50 years, concrete loses its integrity and needs to be recycled. The special olivine concrete developed by Green Minerals could change this polluting process. The olivine concrete is made from captured CO2 produced by concrete factories. The captured CO2 is then used as a raw material to make a new environmentally friendly concrete. Olivine concrete uses the power of olivine to trap up to 130 kilograms of CO2 per tonne of concrete. This is done by replacing cement in the concrete recycling process with CO2 reacted Olivine. The CO2 is captured directly from the concrete factory, preventing it from making its way into the atmosphere. This process could in term be developed to make a carbon-negative concrete. At the end of its life cycle, buildings will need to be demolished. The concrete waste product will then be ground up and mixed again with CO2 reacted Olivine. Afterward sand, gravel and water will be added with fresh cement for a new round of construction. This process could make concrete a recyclable product, without having to make new cement which releases carbon dioxide in its production process. This would allow the factories making cement to capture the CO2 they are already producing and turn it into one of the building blocks of the houses we live in. https://aireal-materials.com/Olivine-Paper-9 Mon, 22 Mar 2021 10:25:37 +0000 Matairial https://aireal-materials.com/Olivine-Paper-9 <img width="2000" height="1500" width_o="2000" height_o="1500" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/4de661220ef4c5748bb2cb817a1e0afca07d4d7517b2b77550578b470bfe724d/2021_03_24_Matairial_2311.jpg" data-mid="103359104" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/4de661220ef4c5748bb2cb817a1e0afca07d4d7517b2b77550578b470bfe724d/2021_03_24_Matairial_2311.jpg" /><img width="3356" height="1962" width_o="3356" height_o="1962" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/869a166349f157357049b6f897bc49b1e21ad51dcfa2b2a1240f6eba1c282c1a/olivine_paper_tabel2.png" data-mid="121686199" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/869a166349f157357049b6f897bc49b1e21ad51dcfa2b2a1240f6eba1c282c1a/olivine_paper_tabel2.png" /> Olivine paper This paper is the first carbon negative paper in the world. It draws on the natural CO2-sinking properties of olivine and captures 130kg of CO2 per tonne of paper. By replacing conventional paper filler with CO2 reacted olivine, the overall carbon dioxide emissions are 25% lower than that of ordinary paper. Carbon dioxide based paper is one of the possible applications for olivine the company Green Minerals is currently investigating. Led by Professor Pol Knops, this research aims to offer an alternative to deposit calcium carbonate (PCC) as an additive filler in the paper industry. By replacing PCC with CO2 reacted olivine, Green Minerals hopes to make the first application of a carbon-negative paper. While olivine naturally has carbon sinking properties, these take a long time to be activated. Thus, natural olivine will not be enough to counteract the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere. Green Minerals seeks to speed up the mineralisation process of CO2 in Olivine. Moreover, the company uses the CO2 released as a part of the paper production process as a raw material for the new generation of carbon-negative paper.&nbsp; https://aireal-materials.com/Olivine-3D-Print-Filament-10 Mon, 22 Mar 2021 10:25:35 +0000 Matairial https://aireal-materials.com/Olivine-3D-Print-Filament-10 <img width="2000" height="1500" width_o="2000" height_o="1500" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/8a85c2ce66b9f6152fcb6bb10937f826c159e932df80b30edff03e9d1ec95729/2021_03_24_Matairial_2296.jpg" data-mid="103359178" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/8a85c2ce66b9f6152fcb6bb10937f826c159e932df80b30edff03e9d1ec95729/2021_03_24_Matairial_2296.jpg" /><img width="3355" height="1969" width_o="3355" height_o="1969" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/d5ae73b8405b7e804840b90586e37aebc75deb6ee8da82a088e8925c42f541b9/olivine_filament.png" data-mid="121686300" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/d5ae73b8405b7e804840b90586e37aebc75deb6ee8da82a088e8925c42f541b9/olivine_filament.png" /> Olivine 3D Print Filament This 3D print filament draws on the natural CO2-sinking properties of the mineral olivine and captures 66kg of CO2 per tonne of polymer.&nbsp; Plastic polymers are an incredibly common type of material. They consist of a very large molecule formed by a repetition of smaller chemical units chained to one another. Unfortunately, a lot of polymers require large amounts of crude oil to be made. This is harmful to the environment and contributes to global warming. Olivine is a mineral that has natural CO2-capturing properties. The polymer is made by using CO2 reacted Olivine. The carbon dioxide is directly captured from the emissions of the production plant. This revolutionary process avoids the pitfalls of conventional polymer production which releases 2 tonnes of CO2 for every tonne of polymer produced. In the production process CO2 reacted Olivine is used to replace talc. Talc is a common additive used as a binding agent in the polymer manufacturing process. CO2-based polymers can be used to make environmentally friendly household appliances and consumer goods. For example in the future, our coffee machines, hoovers or toasters could be made from recycled CO2 with this new material. https://aireal-materials.com/Carbinox-11 Mon, 22 Mar 2021 10:26:04 +0000 Matairial https://aireal-materials.com/Carbinox-11 <img width="2000" height="1500" width_o="2000" height_o="1500" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/4f87f863535be516e5e722002943c84d53ebb42ed0c3749219b9030420a7c779/2021_03_24_Matairial_2294.jpg" data-mid="103606460" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/4f87f863535be516e5e722002943c84d53ebb42ed0c3749219b9030420a7c779/2021_03_24_Matairial_2294.jpg" /> <img width="2000" height="1500" width_o="2000" height_o="1500" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/e08b752a042c8627a121b315c26346711464f7e1fc2e430751a3c21909166e74/2021_03_24_Matairial_2391.jpg" data-mid="105334368" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/e08b752a042c8627a121b315c26346711464f7e1fc2e430751a3c21909166e74/2021_03_24_Matairial_2391.jpg" /> <img width="2000" height="1500" width_o="2000" height_o="1500" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/e0fbc19308a719b94f991f74150717db0348fb737f5d669b6c3067cd056af6c2/2021_03_24_Matairial_2384.jpg" data-mid="105334367" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/e0fbc19308a719b94f991f74150717db0348fb737f5d669b6c3067cd056af6c2/2021_03_24_Matairial_2384.jpg" /> <img width="2000" height="1500" width_o="2000" height_o="1500" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/97205bc3ae5b5fd91c7dbba21864feac16902084709229d6940daff74b883fb2/2021_03_24_Matairial_2334-carbinox.jpg" data-mid="103350060" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/97205bc3ae5b5fd91c7dbba21864feac16902084709229d6940daff74b883fb2/2021_03_24_Matairial_2334-carbinox.jpg" /> <img width="3355" height="2228" width_o="3355" height_o="2228" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/bdfdd85d03b256923d20f90f11b79d2fd75e0c4c9d3e4102ec122da3bc179e48/VITO_carbinoxV3.png" data-mid="121685815" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/bdfdd85d03b256923d20f90f11b79d2fd75e0c4c9d3e4102ec122da3bc179e48/VITO_carbinoxV3.png" /> Carbinox (stainless steel slags) Steel slags are a by-product of stainless steel production that can be used to create a concrete like building material (carbinox carbstone). Two initiatives (VITO in cooperation with ORBIX) invented a process to make this concrete-like material, from steel slags, that captures CO2 in the production process. Carbon dioxide emissions for regular concrete production are about 206 kg CO2/ m³ concrete. In stark contrast to these figures, the amount of carbon dioxide forever captured in a Carbinox Carbstone is about 208 kg CO2/ m³. Steel slag is a glass-like by-product of the steel industry, that is leftover when metals and minerals are smelted and separated from the raw ore from which they are extracted. As an integral part of the extraction process of metal, slags are produced in large quantities but can be responsible for environmental damages. VITO and ORBIX developed the Carbinox formula from recovered stainless steel slag. First, the left-over slag is pulverised into a fine powder to release the entrapped metals. The pulverised slag then reacts with dissolved carbon dioxide and becomes a stone-like material. Carbinox contains metal ions that react with CO2 to create carbonates which act as strong binding agents. As such, Carbinox can be used instead of cement - an environmentally harmful additive to concrete. It also acts as a carbon dioxide sink and prevents further CO2 emissions in the concrete manufacturing process. VITO is an R&amp;D organization specialized in clean technology and sustainable development. VITO in cooperation with ORBIX invented the Carbstone process. The Carbstone process makes it possible to create a range of different products like roof tiles, clinkers and building blocks, while permanently sequestering CO2 in the process. ORBIX is a company specialising in the recycling of slag from steel plants. They have been able to reclaim several materials from steel waste flows and convert them into metals and minerals to be used in the steel and construction industries.